Citric Acid to Remove Stains | Experiment

Citrus extract to Remove Stains | Experiment Foundation AND PURPOSE: Knowledge about normal fades to expel stain might be helpful in our day by day life. Common dyes can be found in different kinds of organic products juice and some more. This green blanches are more amicable to condition and less expensive than business item. Citrus extract is one of dying operator that can be found in the citrus organic products, for example, lemon. This paper will examine on the way toward expelling stains by citrus extract in various sort of organic product juices. The examination was centered around How does the sort of citrus organic products utilized influence the pace of response of stain removable? Since stains have various sorts, the viability of citrus extract on two kinds of stains (manufactured and vegetable based stain) had been talked about additional in this examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis was directed with various kind of natural products; lemon, lime, navel orange and pineapple. The time taken for the diverse sort of stain to be expelled by various kind of organic products had been recorded and be investigated to distinguish the most best utilized as common dyes. RESULTS: Even however the lemon juice is all the more prevalently known as normal blanch yet dependent on the investigation, the best utilized citrus natural product as fading specialist is lime and the citrus extract is best used to evacuate vegetable based stain. Chapter by chapter list (Jump to) Presentation 1.0: Bleaches 1.1: Chemistry in Bleach 1.2: Mechanism of Bleaching 1.3: Rationale of Study 1.4: Significance of Study 1.5: Limitation of Study 1.6: Research Question Speculation Factors 3.0: Apparatus and Materials 4.0 Procedure and Analysis 4.1: Extraction of juices from citrus natural products 4.2: Citric corrosive assurance 4.3: Procedure for stain removable End Evaluation Presentation Fades Fades utilized worldwide in family to evacuate or decolorize stains which brighten or help the shade of garments. Artificially, blanches will breaks the stain particles into littler atom that effectively be expelled. D.Noemia Souza (2008) expressed that blanches are concoction that competent to brightening the textures and evacuating stains by pulverizing shading matter. There are two kinds of response that include in dying. Generally fading process includes in oxidation procedures, for example, hydrogen peroxide and some include the decrease procedures, for example, sodium chlorite. Anyway in blanching forms, the oxidation and decrease likewise can happen at the same time. Dying procedure for stains best when both an oxidative and a reductive blanching steps cooperated and this alluded as full dying (J.M. Cardamone W.N. Marker, 1995) There are different sorts of dyes, and each kind of dye is explicitly utilized for particular sort of textures. The textures are quite certain and when ever utilized with wrong dye, the texture will wear out. Focus, pH, time and temperature are the different conditions which are influence the activity of fade on textures. Science of Bleach Hydrogen peroxide is the most unmistakable fade and generally utilized in business blanches. Be that as it may, as per D.Noemia Souza (2008), the most grounded dye is sodium hypochlorite while the most vulnerable is sodium chlorate and the hydrogen peroxide is milder. Sodium hypochlorite(Chlorine-containing oxidants) For the most part, the sodium hypochlorite will contain 15-18% of chlorine (D.Noemia Souza, 2008). Under certain condition, the arrangement will break down into sodium chlorite (eq1) which at that point responds with hypochlorite and produce the sodium chlorate (eq2). The sodium hypochlorite will experiences further response to discharge oxygen (eq3). In this manner it is delegated chlorine dye 2NaOCl NaCl + NaClO2 (1) NaOCl +NaClO2 NaCl+NaClO3. (2) In general condition: 3 NaOCl 2NaCl+NaClO3 (3) 2NaOCl 2NaCl+O2 (4) Hydrogen peroxide(preoxygen dye) Hydrogen peroxide dying will separates into H+ and per hydroxyl particles HOO-(eq1).The per hydroxyl particles is the dynamic dying operator. Under basic conditions it will discharge oxygen (eq2).Cotton would harm under this conditions as the fading impact is moderate and the blanching rate is quick. The activator and stabilizers are added to control this condition (J.M. Cardamone W.N. Marker, 1995). H2O2 HO2-+ H+.. (1) 2H2O2 2H2O +O2 (2) Hydrogen peroxide is an all inclusive blanching and D.Noemia Souza (2008) said it is the main oxidizing dye that can be securely utilized on protein. Component of Bleaching In light of ProcterGamble (2005) the way toward dying is isolated into two, which are; Separating the stain The stain comprise of atom chains covering the textures The detergent atom will break the stains into littler pieces After that procedure, fade atom will vanish The stain is currently broken into littler pieces which can be effectively evacuated by the surfactant Decolorizing the stains The stains shading has its starting point in the twofold bond associations At that point, the sanitizer will separate the security and convert it into single security, wiping out its capacity to retain obvious light. From that point forward, the sanitizer atoms will vanish. When the twofold bond associations are separated, the stains isnt obvious any longer. Citrus extract as Natural Bleach Citrus extract is feeble natural corrosive and one of the acids found in citrus organic products, for example, lime and lemon. It prevalently utilized in food mechanical as perservative. It likewise can go about as regular fading specialist and a cancer prevention agent. So it is helpful in our day by day life to expel stain or soil from texture and blanch the spot. Citrus extract exist in many kind of vegetables and natural products yet progressively gathered in lime and squeeze where the dry load of citrus extract in organic product comprimise as much as 8 percent (sciencedaily.com).The centralization of cotric corrosive in organic products run from 0.005 mol/L for oranges to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes (Wiki.Org) Justification of the Study These days, the greater part of individuals want to utilize biodegradable item or green item. Particularly in current downturn economy, numerous individuals change to more affordable items. Utilizing citrus organic products as an elective approaches to expel stain is the acceptable decision. The inquiry that emerges here is what the centrality of knowing which of the citrus natural products is best utilized in expelling stains? Hugeness of the Study Sodium hypochlorite (chlorine fade) and hydrogen peroxide (oxygen fade) are very well known in the market to brighten the textures and in stain removable. Be that as it may, there are a few hindrances utilizing oxygen and chlorine fades. The vast majority of them are dangerous whenever ingested or breathed in and ought to be utilized with care. Lindsay Evans (2009) likewise clarified the chlorine can cause negative wellbeing impacts. In addition, they are expensive and give a terrible effect on our condition particularly streams and lakes biological system. Chlorine that streaming into waterways or lakes will join with other concoction to shape a steady compound where it will stay unaltered in groundwater for a long time (Wisconsin, 2010). Then again, citrus extract best uses as normal dyes since it does less damage to biology of streams and lake. Impediment of the examination The entirety of the analysis will direct in the Mara College Serembans research facility. The vast majority of the material, for example, citrus organic products; lemon, lime, navel oranges and pineapple and table salt are gotten from Carrefour Cheras in Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia. In this way, the entirety of the organic products are not in a similar degree of newness because of various condition during capacity that may influence the newness of the natural products. Other than that, the natural products probably won't originate from same tree and this will influence the grouping of corrosive in the organic products. Exploration Question The focal point of study is to examine the capacity of citrus organic products as characteristic fade to expel stain from texture. The principle target of this examination is to distinguish which of the citrus organic products; lime, lemon, pineapple, and navel oranges is best utilized as blanching operator. So the exploration question of the examination is How does the diverse kind of citrus natural product utilized; lime, lemon, pineapple, and navel oranges influence the pace of response of stain removable? The examination utilizes 4 unique kinds of citrus organic products which are lime, lemon, pineapple, and navel oranges that will remove into juice and include with table salt (sodium chloride). Theory The examination question of the investigation is How does the sort of citrus natural products utilized influence the pace of response of stain removable? The pace of response of stain removable is the most noteworthy at the most acidic arrangement. So the theory is the most acidic natural product for this situation is lime or lemon as both contains high grouping of citrus extract. Factors Autonomous Variable There are two autonomous factors in this examination as the investigation is partitioned into a few sections. The primary autonomous variable is the various kinds of citrus natural product juices; lemon, navel orange, lime and pineapple. While the second autonomous variable is the distinctive sort of stains where manufactured stain (syrup) and vegetable stain(tomatoes) are utilized all through the investigation. Subordinate Variable Pace of response to expel the stain from texture will be the needy variable. The time taken will be record by stopwatch for the stain to decolorize. At that point by utilizing the chart the angle is figure out which speak to the pace of response. Fixed Variable The fixed factors are sort of material (cotton), volume of juice (5oml), temperature (100ã‹å ¡c) and volume (100ml) of water shower and amount of sodium hydroxide (3 teaspoon). The entirety of this material will be use in same amount all through of the investigation. Contraption and Materials Material Amount Organic product juices (lemon, lime, navel oranges, and pineapples) 50 cm3 100 Ëå ¡c of water shower 100 cm3 Phenolphthalein Refined water 40 ml Table salt 1.0M of NaOH arrangement Dried KHP 3 teaspoon 10 cm3 1.0 g 4.0 Procedure and Analysis Planning of a roughly 0.1 M Sodium Hydroxide Solution followed by the Standardization of the Sodium Hydroxide Prior to testing the grouping of citrus extract, t

Early Italian Renaissance Art Florentine vs. Sienese Art Essay Example For Students

Early Italian Renaissance Art: Florentine versus Sienese Art Essay During the thirteenth and fourteenth hundreds of years, a change happened in Italy as for society, financial aspects, legislative issues, and religion. One of the main considerations that prompted such a change was the move from a cultivating society to a culture of industry commanded by dealers. This prompted a urban economy, the extension of urban areas, and the change of government to oblige the developing populace. Also, Christian orders, for example, the Franciscans and the Dominicans started to frame, upholding new strict methods of reasoning including carrying confidence to the majority. This aspiration of change in the economy and in sorted out religion achieved an expansion in the creation of craftsmanship. The production of fine arts turned into a regarded industry, and specialists increased more regard according to Italian residents. Ordinarily, the vast majority of the workmanship that was created was strict in nature, and was viewed as a system for outwardly speaking to confidence in a progressively unmistakable way. During this dynamic period, imaginative styles started to change also. A progress from medieval, Byzantine craftsmanship to an increasingly naturalistic, humanistic style happened in Italy. This included n increment in dramatization and feeling in workmanship and a restoration of Classical structures and beliefs, prompting the assignment of the period as the Renaissance, which means resurrection. Two opponent schools of painting, Siena and Florence, rose to the bleeding edge of this change during the beginnings of the Renaissance. In his Lives of the Artists, Vassar indicates the fundamental defenders of the developments in Siena and Florence to be Disco did Obnoxiousness and Ghetto did Bonded, separately. Vassar saw Disco, called the Father of the Senses Renaissance by numerous craftsmanship history specialists, as a very skilled craftsman who merits a lot of regard and thought. He acknowledges Disco for starting another period in feel portrayed by a mix of the old style with new techniques, for example, displaying with chiaroscuro, a more prominent level of naturalism, progressively striking hues, and a profoundly loved strategy for narrating. Disco utilized a few Classical and Byzantine shows, for example, a gleaming gold foundation, however injected into that convention his own new elaborate methods. Vassar incorporates among Discos numerous achievements his work in the Doom of Siena. He particularly praises Discos Coronation of Our Lady, which was recently found n the special raised area of the Doom. Ghetto rose to distinction as the rule figure of the Florentine custom, and his specialized aptitude in the field of painting was perceived and commended by his counterparts. Ghetto additionally joined a lot of humanism into his specialty, in any event, painting a naturalistic scene and foundation in a large number of his works. In correlation with his compositions about Disco, Vicars passages in regards to Ghetto are generously more prominent long and loaded up with substantially more reverence, showing his ties with the city of Florence. Vassar states that painters owe a similar obligation to Ghetto as they do to nature, OTOH of which fill in as excellent models for masterful motivation. He proceeds to state for such a significant number of years by the remains of war, only he, albeit conceived among incompetent specialists, restored through Gods effortlessness what had fallen into an insidious state and taken it back to such a structure, that it could be called acceptable. Vassar refers to many works by Ghetto, painted in different areas all through Italy. Among the most renowned of these works are the fresco artistic creations in the places of worship of Santa Crock in Florence and San Francesco in Chassis, just as in the Arena Chapel in Pads. Two works of art, the two of which delineate a comparable strict occasion, precisely mirror the stories of the Senses and Florentine schools of painting. The first is Discos Triptych: the Crucifixion; the Redeemer with Angels; Saint Nicholas; Saint Gregory, painted from 1311 to 1318. The work that compares to the Florentine development, entitled The Crucifixion, was painted by a Master of the Robin Coronation during the asses. In spite of the fact that this work isn't ascribed to Ghetto himself, it is a legitimate portrayal of the Florentine school as the craftsman followed the custom started by Ghetto. Regarding topic, the two works are visual portrayals of the torturous killing of Jesus Christ. In each painting, Christ is the focal figure, encompassed by two gatherings of figures. On the left, a gathering of ladies that incorporates the Virgin Mary grieves over the dead assortment of Christ, while on the privilege is a gathering of warriors and different mourns. The two works include a rough scene on which the figures are situated. Encompassing Christ are a few heavenly attendants whose motions of grievance reverberation those of the figures beneath. Rococo Art case EssayIn terms of spatial sythesis, Disco painted his considers subsiding along with space on a marginally raised rough scene. Since he intended to show the essences of the considerable number of characters, the fantasy of profundity is fairly off base, and it is muddled where the figures are standing. Despite the fact that not scientifically exact, the endeavor by Disco to show subsiding space is obvious, be that as it may. In the torturous killing scene by the Master of the Robin Coronation, the figures underneath Christ are on a moderately even plane, staying away from any equivocalness in spatial organization. The figures, put solidly on a rough scene, are additionally not scientifically characterized, however the scene is plainly masterminded. Other than to all the more unmistakably separate the figures, the hues in every one of the torturous killing scenes are utilized as images for thoughts established in Christian religious philosophy. Gold, a Senses custom that was utilized in Discos foundation and the radiances of the figures in the two works, speaks to heavenliness. In Discos torturous killing scene, the gold gives the work of art a pivoting emanation of sacredness, particularly when washed in light, and shows the superb idea of the occasion. In any case, the work of art by the Robin Master includes a blue the naturalism of the scene, featuring Chrisms humanness by putting him in a reasonable setting, while as yet keeping up his godlikeness. As in many strict scenes, the Virgin Mary is dressed in blue in the two works, representative of her brilliant immaculateness. Moreover, the two specialists paint Jesus very pale with brilliant red blood rising up out of his injuries, featuring his penance and remembering his passing. Red intonations run all through each work, encouraging the subject of perfect penance. Discos shading plan canine seen as more expressive than authentic, in that it means to introduce Chrisms torturous killing as an awesome occasion in a ridiculous gold setting. The other work, in any case, presents an illustrative shading plan, putting the scene in a progressively practical setting. Additionally vital are the estimations of the hues. Those in the work by the Master of Robin are more blunt and less distinctive. This makes a scene that is more tranquil and despairing than the one made by the energetic shades of Disco. The lighting in the two canvases is steady and doesn't seem to radiate from an ingle source, diminishing the authenticity of the works. All figures and items are completely washed in light, with next to no reference to shadows. In Discos work, the gold foundation causes a gleaming impact when trapped in the light, bringing about the sentiment of a superb encounter when seen. The other work of art doesn't have this sparkling quality, and in this way doesn't have a remarkable same perfect meaning. The materials of every craftsmanship are limitlessly extraordinary. Disco utilized gum based paint on wood board to make his triptych, while the Master of the Robin Coronation painted is work in fresco. This divider painting was later moved to canvas to show it in an exhibition hall. Gum based paint delivers a lot better and more particular figures than do frescoes. What's more, Discos work includes substantially more distinctive hues, incorporating the gold punchbowl out of sight. This is evident in the absence of noticeable brushstrokes, which delivers tight, controlled structures, fresh light, and strong hues. The brushstrokes in the work of art by the Master of the Robin Coronation are marginally increasingly obvious, making figures that are more blunt and less clear, in spite of the fact that in no way, shape or form ill defined. What's more, huge territories of harm are evident from the first fresco, especially in the lower right corner. As far as size, Discos work is significantly littler, as it was utilized as a private reverential picture. The triptych is just two feet high, while the other composition is around eleven feet in tallness. The amazing size of the last work was most likely intended to underscore the significance of the occasion and greaterly affect watchers, as it was put in an open church. Humbled on the predisposition in Vicars memoirs of the craftsmen and his alliance with

Go Forth and Measure

Go Forth and Measure Upon conferrring me my black belt, my sensei also handed me a ruler and said, Go Forth and Measure. I never thought my secret ninja skills would come in handy until about a week ago when I scrambled to get a project done for one of my classes, 2.671, Measurement and Instrumentation. Basically, the project was designed to have us develop some type of scientific question, and then use a measurement device to validate our hypothesis. But of course, everything in science is easier said than done. Now for my first trick: Experiment #1: Testing the acceleration of a mountain bike on different gear settings Basically, I used my old roomate as a test anti-dummy and had him pedal his heart out on different gear settings while I measured his acceleration. Results: Hes no Lance Armstrong, and thus we had too much experimental noise to come to any intelligent conclusions. In the words of the late Aaliyah, If at first you dont succeed, you can dust it off and try again. Experiment #2: Testing the whole point mass approximation of the pendulum equation Results: Eh. Too eh. Experiment #3: A block and an inclined plane I think we all know this problem very well. Very simple analysis and surprisingly NON NONSENSICAL RESULTS CA CHING Score. So thats how I spent my last three day weekend. Thanks everyone for the encouraging messages for my presentation. I think it went very well.

10 Geographic Facts About Sichuan Province, China

Sichuan is the second largest of Chinas 23 provinces based on its land area of 187,260 square miles (485,000 sq km). It is located in southwestern China adjacent to the countrys largest province, Qinghai. Sichuans capital city is Chengdu and as of 2007, the province had a population of 87,250,000 people. Sichuan is an important province to China because of its abundant agricultural resources which include such Chinese staples as rice and wheat. Sichuan is also rich in mineral resources and is one of Chinas main industrial centers. The following is a list of ten things to know about Sichuan Province: 1) Human settlement of Sichuan Province is believed to date back to the 15th century B.C.E. In the 9th century B.C.E., Shu (what is present-day Chengdu) and Ba (todays Chongqing City) grew to become the largest kingdoms in the region. 2) Shu and Ba were subsequently destroyed by the Qin Dynasty and by the 3rd century B.C.E., the area was developed with sophisticated irrigation systems and dams which ended seasonal flooding of the region. As a result, Sichuan became the agricultural center of China at the time. 3) Because of Sichuans location as a basin surrounded by mountains and the presence of the Yangtze River, the area also became an important military center throughout much of Chinas history. In addition, several different dynasties ruled the area; among them are the Jin Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty. 4) An important note about Sichuan Province is that its borders have remained mostly unchanged for the last 500 years. The largest changes occurred in 1955 when Xikang became a part of Sichuan and in 1997 when the city of Chongqing broke away to form a part of the Chongqing Municipality. 5) Today Sichuan is divided into eighteen prefecture-level cities and three independent prefectures. A prefecture-level city is one that is below a province but ranks higher than a county for administrative structure. An independent prefecture is an area that has a majority of ethnic minorities or is historically important for ethnic minorities. 6) Sichuan Province is within the Sichuan basin and is surrounded by the Himalayas to the west, the Qinling Range to the east and the mountainous parts of Yunnan Province to the south. The area is also active geologically and the Longmen Shan Fault runs through part of the province. 7) In May 2008, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province. Its epicenter was in the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. The earthquake killed over 70,000 people and numerous schools, hospitals and factories collapsed. Following the earthquake in June 2008, severe flooding from a lake formed by a landslide during the earthquake occurred in low-lying areas that had already been significantly damaged. In April 2010, the region was again impacted by a magnitude 6.9 earthquake that struck neighboring Qinghai Province. 8) Sichuan Province has a varied climate with a subtropical monsoon in its eastern portions and Chengdu. This region experiences warm to hot summers and short, cool winters. It is also typically very cloudy in the winters. The western part of Sichuan Province has a climate affected by the mountains and high altitude. It is very cold in the winter and mild in the summer. The southern part of the province is subtropical. 9) Most of Sichuan Provinces population is Han Chinese. However, there is a significant population of minorities such as Tibetans, Yi, Qiang, and Naxi in the province as well. Sichuan was Chinas most populous province until 1997 when Chongqing was separated from it. 10) Sichuan Province is famous for its biodiversity and the area is home to the famous Giant Panda Sanctuaries which consist of seven different nature reserves and nine scenic parks. These sanctuaries are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and are home to more than 30% of the worlds endangered giant pandas. The sites are also home to other endangered species such as the red panda, the snow leopard, and the clouded leopard. ReferencesNew York Times. (2009, May 6). Earthquake in China - Sichuan Province - News - The New York Times. Retrieved from: http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/news/science/topics/earthquakes/sichuan_province_china/index.html Wikipedia. (2010, April 18). Sichuan - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichuan Wikipedia. (2009, December 23). Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichuan_Giant_Panda_Sanctuaries

The Facade of Civilization Explored in Heart of Darkness...

The Facade of Civilization Explored in Heart of Darkness and Heart of the Matter Heart of Darkness and The Heart of the Matter afford glimpses into the human psyche, explorations deep into human nature. In each, the frailty of the facade we call â€Å"civilization† is broken, by external forces portrayed by Conrad and internal ones by Greene. In both stories there is one who falls pray to corruption and one who is witness both submerged in forces that will not be silenced or reasoned with. Wilson sat on the balcony of the Bedford Hotel with his bald pink knees thrust against the ironwork. He looked out toward the ocean - past the spire of the church thrust into the sky in defiance of the uniform serrated, tin†¦show more content†¦Also the setting, though somewhat similar, is still quite distinguishable, allowing for the development of different themes; Conrads is set in a wild outpost deep in the center of Africa and Greenes occurs in a well-colonized port somewhere in West Africa. The natural forces of depravity are rampant, in fact infective, in the steamy, dense jungles in which Kurtz dwells. Scobie, on the other hand, is allowed a more physically peaceful existence, struggling not with the physical but with an inner turmoil. Youre the new captain? Thats right. Have a drink. Wilson took three ice cubes from a small bucket that was now filled with more water than ice, dropped them into a glass identical to the one in his hand and filled it to the brim with pink gin. He handed it to Marlow and refilled his own half-empty glass, almost instinctually. Both sat in silence staring toward the sea, pierced only by the sounds of a vulture alighting from the roof and the clink of the ice against the glass. When I first came here, I would never drink during the day, Wilson suddenly said. Why did you start? Things change. Both stories begin similarly, in each there is an adventurer blindly beginning a journey into the uncontrolled forcesShow MoreRelatedHow and Why Is the Grotesque Used in Tennessee Williams’ a Streetcar Named Desire?2627 Words   |  11 Pagesis the Grotesque Used in Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire? Throughout this semester, we were introduced to varying degrees of literary styles and themes. From the epiphanies discovered through American Realism, to the skepticism explored through Literary Modernism, to the conflicts of social conformity and individualism approached by a Post-Modernistic America and its writers. We have had the great opportunity of being exposed to individuals who questioned and pushed the boundariesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesthorough and critical understanding of organization theory. It is both rigorous and accessible, clearly and unashamedly pitched for readers who wish to engage with theoretical issues whilst also maintaining a practical focus on why organization theory matters. I felt in good hands here, confident that I was being offered a deeply informed, reliable and intelligently constructed account. The opening chapter carefully and helpfully explains terms, including ‘theory’ and ‘epistemologyâ₠¬â„¢ that can form an unexploredRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesganja-smoking illiterates who were of no value to society. Teachers, students, ofï ¬ ce workers, and anyone of social importance could not grow locks, and families would go into mourning when their sons would start sprouting them. I heard the term â€Å"black heart man† used again and again as a means of expressing fear or ridicule of the Rastafarian. And this was in the early 1970s—after Bob Marleys emergence as an international viii FOREWORD star, after Selassies arrival in Jamaica, and afterRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesturbulent phase of the human experience, render it impervious to generalized pronouncements and difficult to conceptualize broadly. As the essays in this collection document in detail, paradox pervades the time span we call the twentieth century, no matter how it is temporally delineated. Never before in history, for example, had so many humans enjoyed such high standards of living, and never had so many been so impoverished or died of malnutrition and disease. If the period from the 1870s is included

Music and Studying Free Essays

Music and studying 1 Running head: DOES MUSIC HELP YOU STUDY Music and studying: Does listening to music help you study? 902421 John F. Kennedy High School Music and studying 2 Abstract In the western world, music is easily available through TV, radio, and videos. Background music is played in many public places like the mall and elevators. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Studying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many studies on listening to music while studying has been inconclusive because music can be interpreted in many different ways. Music and studying 3 Music and Studying Affects on studying Music becomes increasingly important in adolescent years with most teenagers averaging around 3 hours of listening to music a day. Teenagers use music to satisfy their emotional needs and portray the world around them. Studies have shown that studying at home has been accompanied by music or TV in the background (Kotsopoulou 1997; Patton, Stinard, and Routh 1983). Research on certain effects on playing music while studying shows very little significant differences between middle school, high school, and college students on whether listening to music helps them concentrate, gets rid of boredom, keeps them company, and helps them learn faster. It also shows that listening to music can interfere with studying. For instance if they sang along or developed to high of an arousal it would then become a distraction. University students showed that music had a more relaxing effect but was also more distracting then in younger students. This could mean the music choices they were listening to were increasing meta-cognitive awareness in older ages. Students at a younger age had the most positive response to fast pace tempo. While university students had a negative response to fast pace tempo. There were few significant differences between nationality and what types of music they played other than instrumental music, arousing and calming music. The Japanese played classical music the least. US played calming music the least and the US and UK played arousing music the least. While the Greeks Music and studying 4 listened to all of these the most. Overall, there is no specific type of music that is best for studying. Young people just often play music they enjoy. Most students do not play music while studying for a long period of time or revising for an exam. Henderson, Crews, and Barlow (1945) explored the effect of music as a source of distraction during the taking of a test. Along with memorising material or learning a different language. But they often play music when thinking or writing. This would suggest that the student are aware of how they will perform while listening to music and studying. Students mainly played music while studying when they were happy or bored and that their mood determined whether they wanted to listen to music while studying. Most students turned off music when they felt it becoming a distraction with there concentrating. Overall, the findings suggest parents and teachers to be not concerned about students playing music while studying. Students are aware of when music can be beneficial to studying and when it is interfering with concentrating. So generally when the music starts to become a distraction they would just turn it off. Music and studying 5 References Kotsopoulou, A. , Hallam, S. (2010). The Perceived Impact of Playing Music while Studying: Age and Cultural Differences. Educational Studies, 36(4), 431440. Cripe, F. F. 1986. Rock music as therapy for children with attention deficit disorder: An exploratory study. Journal of Music Therapy 23: 30–7 Gregoire, M. A. 1984. Music as a prior condition to task performance. Journal of Music Therapy 21: 133–45 How to cite Music and Studying, Papers

Chief Seattle Essay free essay sample

Chief Seattle, in his masterfully worded speech to Governor Isaac l. Stevens, attempts to convince Stevens people to treat his people kindly and fairly. At the same time, Seattle warns Stevens about the many negative aspects of his tribe. Through the use of Juxtaposition, an uncompromising tone towards his surrounding world, and personification of specific objects, Seattle clearly conveys his point to the Governor. Juxtaposition Is used to point out many differences between Cattles tribe and the Americans.Take, for instance, Chief Seattle stating that the Americans people are any and that They are like the grass that covers vast prairies. In contrast, he also describes his tribe as few and like the scattering trees of a storm-swept plain. The Chiefs intended purpose here is to humble himself in front of Governor Stevens, who was obviously looking for a suitable chief to converse with about buying the land and peopling it. We will write a custom essay sample on Chief Seattle Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, Seattle presents himself as a very modest, approachable chief. Stevens, spurred on by the Chiefs attitude, would then be kind towards Cattles tribe .Seattle also very harshly compares his God and the American God. In his bold statement to the Governor, Seattle proclaims that the American God loves your people and hates us, while his own God seems.. . To have forsaken Cattles people. Seattle then sums up this comparison between their two different Gods by asserting that his people and the Americans are two distinct races with separate Orleans and separate destinies. Seattle uses this simple, yet brash, comparison to suddenly discourage the Americans from touching his land.At the same time though, Seattle is not pushing away the Americans because theyre a lesser people than his tribe he s pushing them away because his tribe is inadequate or unworthy of the Americans. Taking into consideration the love that Seattle supposedly says the two Gods of his tribe and America show their respective people, Seattle is actually trying to protect the Americans from their faulty God and encourage them to live happy lives with their affectionate God. This potential warning shows the potentially negative implications that Joining Cattles tribe and God might bring. Chief Seattle compares the dead of his tribe with that of the neighboring Americans. Seattle then accuses he Americans dead by saying that they cease to love them while praising his own dead by stating that they never forget the beautiful world that gave them being. Seattle deliberately places these statements directly after his comparison of his tribe and the Americans because he wants to press the stark differences between them into Governor Stevens head so that Stevens himself will reconsider peopling the Chiefs land.After all, why should the Americans Join Cattles tribe in his land if they have more differences than similarities? Chief Seattle offers a different perspective n his tribes relationship with the Americans than before. He does not want the Americans to Join his tribe not because an aspect of his people is inferior to the same aspect of the Americans, like the comparison between their respective Gods, but because an aspect of his people is superior to the same aspect o f the Americans.Thus, the Americans should treat Cattles tribe with all due respect, and more Importantly, kindness and fairness. Chief Cattles uncompromising tone towards the world around him shows his unchanging and absolute stance on the matters express his thoughts. Seattle reminisces of a time when his people covered the land but have since passed away with the greatness of tribes that are now but a mournful memory. With seemingly no regrets whatsoever, Seattle boldly states that he will not dwell on, nor mourn over, our untimely decay.Seattle says this statement with a clear heaviness on his shoulder, as articulates that he and his brother may have been somewhat to blame. Cattles conviction not only affects him deeply, but also Governor Stevens; he now knows the tragic story behind Chief Cattles people and is forced to sympathize with Seattle and his tribe if and when ell deal with Cattles land, therefore being forced to treat Cattles tribe with fairness and kindness as well. Cattles view on his world shifts to youth and the nature of his young tribesmen.When Seattle bluntly states that mufti is impulsive, and characterizes them with black hearts, he shows Just how much Cattles tribe has declined, which is basically another said warning to th e Americans. Chief Seattle then shows his cynical side when he asserts that The White Man will never be alone and that when their childrens children think themselves alone, they will not be lone. The repeated use of will convey his absolute stance on the state of his tribe and the Americans.Cattles promise that the white man will never be alone is ominous, and this really warns Steven about the potential dangers of Cattles tribe. Seattle also implies his people will have company for a long time if their childrens children will have a swarm [of] invisible dead around them certainly a frightening and distressing thought. If Seattle could relay his message to Governor Stevens with one strategy, it would be his undeniable use of personification. Seattle begins his speech by saying that the sky has wept tears or compassion upon my people for centuries.Seattle saw to it that he start off his speech with a touch of sympathy for his tribe, which has obviously suffered enough to make the sky cry for them. Therefore, Governor Stevens would immediately feel sympathy for Seattle and his tribe and treat them kindly as a result. The sympathetic tone with which Seattle carries the first sentence also carries on for the remainder of the speech, thus always reminding Governor Stevens to approach them with kindness and fairness. Steven also uses personification to characterize the dead, whether they were from America or his tribe.Seattle states that his tribes dead often return to visit, guide, console, and comfort the lonely hearted living. Seattle suggests that his tribes dead are not powerless, and that the Americans cant Just treat them unjustly the dead are the same as the people, and thus need to be treated with kindness and fairness. Seattle conveys the same message when he warns the Americans that the dead are not powerless and when he hopes that the Americans will be Just and deal kindly with his people.

Word Choice Envelop vs. Envelope - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Envelop vs. Envelope - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Envelop vs. Envelope Some words look or sound unhelpfully similar to others, which can be confusing if you speak English as a second language or rely heavily on automatic spellcheckers, which don’t pick up errors of this type. The terms â€Å"envelop† and â€Å"envelope,† for instance, are one letter apart in spelling, yet  confusing the two would affect the clarity of your writing. But what exactly is the distinction between these terms? Envelop (To Enclose or Enfold) The word â€Å"envelop† is a verb meaning â€Å"to completely cover or enclose† something: It’s cold outside, so I’ll envelop myself in a comforter and think warm thoughts. The bridge was enveloped in fog, giving the scene a creepy look. In military circles, â€Å"envelop† is also a word for a flanking maneuver, though you shouldn’t need to use this on a regular basis unless you’re in a combat situation! Envelope (A Paper Container) Although similar, â€Å"envelope† (with an â€Å"e†) is a noun, typically referring to the flat paper container used for sending letters (until email came along). (Photo: U.S. Post Office Department) After slipping the card into the envelope, she sealed it and handed it to the carrier. â€Å"Envelope† also has a few technical meanings, such as the membrane of a virus or the limits within which an aircraft remains operational. This latter sense of â€Å"envelope† is actually how â€Å"pushing the envelope† came to mean going beyond expectations, as flight tests were designed to â€Å"push the envelope† of the aircraft being tested. Envelop or Envelope? Despite their similarity in spelling, â€Å"envelop† and â€Å"envelope† are importantly distinct; most notably, one is a verb (i.e., an action word), the other a noun (i.e., a naming word). As long as you remember this difference it should be simple to tell them apart. â€Å"Envelop† will always describe an action, while an â€Å"envelope† will always name something (usually a papery container): Envelop (verb) = To cover or enclose Envelope (noun) = A papery container for mail

Cómo obtener copia certificado de nacimiento en EE.UU.

Cà ³mo obtener copia certificado de nacimiento en EE.UU. El certificado de nacimiento en Estados Unidos es un documento que prueba que la persona es ciudadana de ese paà ­s. Se utiliza como evidencia para sacar el pasaporte americano y otros documentos legales como, por ejemplo, la tarjeta del Seguro Social, la licencia de manejar o para probar identidad para casarse. La necesidad de obtener una copia vlida del certificado de nacimiento puede surgir tanto a los ciudadanos que se encuentran dentro de Estados Unidos como a aquellas personas que nacieron aquà ­ pero viven en otro paà ­s y quieren tramitar su pasaporte americano en una oficina consular u otro trmite. Es posible que se requiera obtener la apostilla de la Haya para utilizar en otro paà ­s el certificado de nacimiento en EE.UU. -excluyendo gestiones en el consulado americano. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre cules son las caracterà ­sticas de una copia vlida del certificado de nacimiento, quà © no puede ser utilizado en su sustitucià ³n, cà ³mo solicitar una copia y quà © problemas pueden surgir. Adems, se explica las diferencias entre un certificado de nacimiento y un reporte consular de nacimiento en el exterior. Caracterà ­sticas del certificado de nacimiento en EE.UU. Desde 2011, el Departamento de Estado pide que los certificados de nacimiento, que se conocen en inglà ©s como birth certificates, contengan los nombres completos del padre y de la madre. Salvo en los casos en los que sà ³lo cuente con un progenitor reconocido, pero tambià ©n deber figurar el nombre completo. Adems, debern constar el nombre completo del recià ©n nacido, su sexo y la fecha de nacimiento y el lugar. Es muy comà ºn que, asimismo, los certificados de nacimiento incluyan la hora de nacimiento, si fue un parto mà ºltiple con gemelos, trillizos, etc, el lugar de residencia de los padres y el lugar y fecha de nacimiento del padre y de la madre. En la mayorà ­a de los estados, los certificados de nacimiento tienen un nà ºmero de registro formado por 11 dà ­gitos. Los 3 primeros corresponden al estado de nacimiento. Asà ­, en el caso de California es el 104, en el de Texas, el 142 y el de Nueva York el 131 excepto en la ciudad de NY, que se utiliza el 156. Finalmente, el documento deber tener un sello levantado, impreso o multicolor de la autoridad que lo emite, que deber ser el estado, el condado o la ciudad, dependiendo de las leyes del estado en las que tuvo lugar el nacimiento. Adems deber estar firmado por el encargado del registro y constar la fecha del certificado. Bajo ninguna circunstancia puede utilizarse para asuntos legales el certificado entregado a los padres por el hospital en el que tuvo lugar el nacimiento y en el que frecuentemente aparecen las huellas del pie o las dactilares del bebà ©. Ese papel es solamente un recuerdo. Cà ³mo se solicita un certificado de nacimiento en EE.UU. El gobierno federal no emite este tipo de documentacià ³n. Hay que solicitarla en el estado o territorio de Estados Unidos, como por ejemplo, Puerto Rico, en el que tuvo lugar el nacimiento. Aquà ­ estn las direcciones para contactar con la que se necesite. En general se permite enviar la peticià ³n a una direccià ³n de correo fà ­sica o incluso se puede solicitar el certificado por internet. Hay que pagar una pequeà ±a cuota y, dependiendo de los estados, se permite realizar el abono con una tarjeta de crà ©dito, dà ©bito, chequera de los Estados Unidos. Algunos estados permiten que se solicite una tramitacià ³n exprà ©s. En todo caso, hay que permitir unos dà ­as porque todos los certificados deben notarizarse. Adems, existen empresas privadas autorizadas para colaborar en los trmites como por ejemplo Vitalcheck y usbirthcertificate. Problemas que pueden surgir con el certificado de nacimiento Un problema que se puede plantear es que certificado de nacimiento contenga algà ºn dato errà ³neo como, por ejemplo, el nombre o el apellido est mal deletreado, se equivocaron en la fecha de nacimiento o incluso en el sexo. En este caso es necesario comunicarse con la Oficina de rà ©cords vitales del estado en la que tuvo lugar el nacimiento y seguir sus instrucciones para corregir el error. Cada estado exige requisitos distintos, por lo que no es posible informar sobre quà © hacer para cada caso particular. Otro problema que puede surgir es que, por la razà ³n que sea, no es posible encontrar el certificado de nacimiento. En estos casos, es posible probar la ciudadanà ­a Americana con documentacià ³n secundaria, como por ejemplo el Certificado retrasado de nacimiento o la Carta de falta de rà ©cord. Subrayar que nunca jams sirve como prueba de la ciudadanà ­a americana la tarjeta del Nà ºmero de la Seguridad Social, la tarjeta de votante o la de haberse licenciado tras prestar servicio en cualquiera de las ramas del Ejà ©rcito americano (Marines, Aire, Tierra, Mar o Guardia Nacional). Otro problema es que, en la actualidad, algunos condados en el sur de Texas niegan el certificado de nacimiento a los nià ±os nacidos allà ­ pero cuyos padres son indocumentados. En este caso se recomienda contactar con un abogado o una organizacià ³n de defensa de los derechos de los migrantes con experiencia en este problema. Finalmente, se estn dando casos en los que personas nacidas en Estados Unidos no pueden obtener el pasaporte estadounidense o renovarlo porque el Departamento de Estado desconfà ­a sobre la autenticidad del certificado de nacimiento. Este tipo de problemas puede darse por distintas razones, por ejemplo, cuando el nacimiento tuvo lugar en la vivienda de la madre y se tardà ³ en registrar oficialmente. En estos casos, es necesario probar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense recurriendo a un conjunto de documentos como el certificado de bautismo, rà ©cords de escuela y de trabajo, declaraciones juradas, etc. Certificado de nacimiento y Reporte consular de nacimiento El certificado de nacimiento en EE.UU. es un documento diferente al Reporte Consular de Nacimiento en el extranjero, que deben solicitar las personas que son ciudadanas americanas a pesar de haber nacido en el extranjero porque su padre, su madre o ambos son estadounidenses. Estos documentos no los emiten ni las Embajadas ni los Consulados, sino que si se quiere obtener una copia debe contactarse con el Departamento de Estado en Washington. Otros certificados vitales: fallecimiento, matrimonio o divorcio Las oficinas de los estados que emiten los certificados de nacimiento tambià ©n suministran los de fallecimiento, matrimonio o divorcio. Si necesita obtenerlos siempre pueda contactar con ellas por correo o por telà ©fono. Para buscar los datos de la oficina que corresponde ponga en su navegador el internet el nombre del estado donde solicita el rà ©cord y aà ±ada, entre comillas, vital record office. Puntos clave El certificado de nacimiento en EE.UU. prueba la ciudadanà ­a estadounidenseEl certificado del hospital no tiene ningà ºn valor legalSon vlidos los certificados emitidos, firmados y sellados por una autoridadPuede solicitarse a una empresa privada la obtencià ³n de un certificado vital Este artà ­culo es informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Lotus Rental Cars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lotus Rental Cars - Research Paper Example However, electric cars are more expensive than fossil fuel and hybrid cars due to the technological peculiarities. Therefore, buying electrical vehicles for business is a risky enterprise. Even though hybrid and electrical cars are more expensive than gas engine vehicles and company might lose profit, adding hybrid/electric cars to the company’s fleet will be a good investment for the enterprise which gives cars for rent. Accurate assessing of the situation and finding the right niche may give benefits to such a company as Lotus Rental Car CFO if the company decides to use electrical cars along with conventional. First of all, the benefit is connected to a reduced amount of costs spent on fuel. Among the clients of rental car offices people on business trips are the most frequent followed by tourists. Most employers that send their employees to business trip will rather pay extra dollar to rent a fuel efficient car like a hybrid than reimburse their employees for gas. Savings for the money on electricity are much more persuasive compared to fuel savings. It was estimated that driving about 15 thousand miles will cost for about $500 annually taking into account existing prices for electricity in the USA. The same distance will require $1900 for a gas engine. So it is possible to cover high prices for the electric car with money raised by fuel economy. And this argument will be important for those who take car for a rent. Electric /hybrid cars are perfect for rent because the driver can calculate his/her distance in advance and charge it at the company`s office and in several other places(Electric Vehicles, 2013). Maximum time that allows driving without extra recharge is about 8 hours now, and most people who rent cars especially for business trips plan to cover the distances which are not so great. However, it is important to understand that electric cars differ

THE ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF FIDEL CASTRO Essay

THE ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF FIDEL CASTRO - Essay Example American president made a plot with the help of CIA officials to assassinate Fidel Castro. Mainly CIA officials involved in the assassination plot were. Richard Bissell and Richard helms organized this plan. Almost 400 CIA officials were tasked to prepare the plan and finalize the operation. Edward Lansdale was appointed as the project leader and William Harvey was appointed head of the Task force . On the other end USSR and America were the major players for their interests. Russia wanted to sell weapon to Cuba and tried to use it as its missile base. America wanted to take revenge of Kennedy assassination and selling of US owned land by the Castro. Mafia heads also wanted to assassinate Castro as Castro closed all their casinos and bars in Cuba. Assassins had different interests to kill Castro. For example, the mafia wanted to establish business in Cuba. America wanted to run Cuba by a government that favors American policies . Assassins made an attempt in April 1960, which could not materialize. Five more attempts were also made in next two years but all failed . Assassins believed that only removal of one man would not halt the Cuban revolution so motivation of assassins was not too high to accomplish the mission . Fidel Castro always had the complete knowledge of CIA attempts beforehand. Agenda Motive was to restore American will, policies, and America friendly government in Cuba. America wanted to use Cuba for avoiding any future clash with Russia on Cuban land. Russia wanted to use Cuban land as its missile base and strike US air force on the outbreak of any war8. America wanted to cultivate Cuban land owned by American people. Russia stared constructing launch sites for SAM (surface to air missile) to target America9. It was necessary to kill Fidel Castro in order to end the Cuban revolution. Cuban people supported Castro for anti American policies10. Castro’s assassination plot and attempts was not an individual action. It had complete support of American government. CIA and FBI officials were used to execute most of the plans11. Main reason for approval of assassination was o make American friendly government in Cuba. Another was to gain political mileage in forthcoming American elections12. Setup CIA agents in America planned assassination in 1960. JM W AVE was selected as headquarter for the mission. After several attempts, the CIA could not assassinate Castro. More than 1400 hundred CIA agents were planned in first assassination attempt13. Aftermath There was a major political shift in regional political policies. America stopped import of sugar. Russia moved weapons and missiles to Cuba. Russia fully supported Castro to face America in any crisis in future. Russia and America had almost reached at the verge of a nuclear war due to Cuban crisis and stakes14.

The Global Expansion Of Toyota Marketing Essay

The Global Expansion Of Toyota Marketing Essay Using one specific company with which you are familiar, examine the actual and potential impacts of globalization on that company. Explain the reasoning behind the points you make. Evaluate possible strategies going forward which the company might use to respond to impacts of globalization you have identified. Globalization can be described as a historical transformation in political, social, economy and cultural diversity (J.H. Mittelman, 2001). The United Nations on the other hand to describe globalization as a concept that refers both to an increasing flow of goods and resources across national borders and to the emergence of completely set of organizational structures to manage the expanding network of international economic activities and transactions (UNCTAD, 1997a, p. 70). In simple terms it is a process of interaction and integration among peoples, companies and different countries. Which includes the corporate strategies, consumption patterns, regulatory capabilities and governance, technology, the globalization of financial markets, and socio-cultural processes. The globalization can be detected from the increase of manufacturing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and financial capital flows. In todays business environment, most of companys activities are naturally become globally. Gradually, organizations have recognized that globalization creates unlimited opportunities of worldwide market. However at the mean time, its also brings negative parts such as: highly competitive environment and threats. On this paper, the Toyota Motor corporation being chosen as reference company, where based on China market to identify what is exist and potential effect of globalization on business, and provide possible solutions for Toyota sustainable development. While, the PEST analysis tool will apply for Toyotas business situation analysing to explain how Toyota influence by political, social, economic, and technological. The multinational enterprise (MNE). A multinational corporation (MNC), sometimes called a transnational corporation(TNC). Is a company that has headquarters in home country but manages production in other counties. In the past two decade, the multi-national corperation (MNCs) plays a role of monopoly, they were able to get business advantages from host country by using the colonial power. In other word, they can get concessions from host countries by using home governments influence (Ohmae, 1995). Whereas, since the rapid growth in world trade and investment, this colonial power no longer existed. Instead, the world market becomes to more competitive. Most importantly, the rising of global practice and thinking between companies and countries has made business interests and orientations more necessary than ever (Abbas, J. 2000). Background on Toyota Since the rapid development of global integration the automobile industry becomes one of the worlds most important economic sectors by revenue. Toyota is one of representative multinational enterprise in the world. Its established in 1937 by Sakichi Toyoda, till present day Toyota was conducts both domestic and global marketing with 52 oversea manufacturing companies in 27 countries. Toyota market and sold the vehicles approximate 7 million in more than 170 countries every year, worldwide employees is 320.808 (Annual report, 2009). As a market leader Toyota holding 15 per cent market share among all the other automobile brands (Business week, 2009).The key success element of Toyota is commitment to designing, engineering and build cars to every target market area. Due to this reason Toyota faced great impact from globalization; the impact can be both negative and positive and differs by context such as new markets, cheaper location for investment, multi-choice of suppliers for raw ma terial and services, and cheaper labor cost. However it can also carry the negative parts. First, the world automobile market is change in economic conditions affecting, and highly competitive environments in which Toyota operates. Second the market highly volatile. Last the global auto crisis was seriously hit down Toyotas market profit. The Global Expansion of Toyota In 2008, Toyota to officially become world largest automaker, the rapid expansion is the main reason Toyota able to overtake GM as worlds top car firm. Toyota operated business across the entire world, which including: Sales vehicle in Africa and Russia and sales leader in Australia. Toyota were Launched Lexus and SCION in United States and norther American market. Figure Toyota sales by region. (Source: Toyota annual report, 2009) In recent years, Toyota has focus on global market expansion, especially, China market. Because the tendency of Chinese consumption pattern is change. Toyota FDI in China. China overtake United States become to new fdi destination by 2004. This is due to the China adoption reform and opening up policy in the late 1970. Toyota believes that Chinas market is potentially as large as the U.S. Market. Toyota aims consistently increase investment in China to grow production capacity and add to product lineup along with begin to produce Camry at Guangzhou Toyota Motor Co., Ltd on May 2006. According to XinHua News report that Toyota intend to invest about $700 million in its first fully-fledged research and Development base (RD) in China. Because, Toyota wants to increase the production in China. Since 2005, Toyota through the form of join-venture with Chinese company (FAW Group Corporation) to build first plant in SiChuan province until now, Toyota was invested to build seven plants in China, and another six plants of Toyota also joint-ventures with FAW. Toyota establish oversea plant in response to incentives such as tariffs, reduction of labour cost, and Toyota production system The PEST analysis on Toyota Political The auto industry is subject to various governmental rules and policies. The political environment of China does favor enterprises with foreign investment. According to Government policy 2009, the Chinese government levies low tax on enterprise with foreign investment, and preferential tax policies are offered to the sectors and regions where investment is encourage by the state. And the low tax policy reflected in three aspects: income tax, circulation tax, and import-stage value-added tax. At the same time, the China government announced several preferential policies to encourage auto consumption, which include the people who living countryside can enjoy 10% subsidy of the original vehicle price for their buy it. Second, the tax of purchase small-displacement vehicles was cut from 10% to 5% (Chinavestor, 2010). These preferential policies stimulated auto consumption significantly, and attract more foreign automobile company invest in China. On the other hand, government play the role of savior. For example, the government bailout policy: in 2009, Toyota was require for emergency loan from the Japan Bank, with the amount of more than 3 billion US dollars. The purpose of the emergency loan is to dealing with cash flow problem or some other cases. Economic The Peoples Republic of China is the second biggest economy in the world (first is United States), and it is worlds fastest-growing economy as well with annual economic growth averaging nearly 9% over the last three decade. The role of China in the world are the factory of the world, because China provides a cheap labour cost, and low cost base for export-oriented production. The major advantage of Toyota is the strong cash position. However, if compare with GM, Toyota still existed weak credit ratings, rising health-care and pension costs, and losses in its automotive division. Toyota expects through use its strong cash position to expanding all over the world increase its commitment to RD. Social The population of China is beyond one billion, it is a largest country in the world by population. The households size: 3.1, total households in China were 351,233,698, as we know the Toyota segmenting group is Households, usually, this group of people in China have middle or upper of income level with good education background age around 25 to 65. Technological The Toyota product line consist of: Electric technology, Plug-in hybrids, All-electric vehicles, Cars, Pickup trucks, Luxury-type vehicles. Toyota is one of largest automobile companies to promote hybrid vehicles in the market. Beside the production lineup, there are have one more important factor able to shapes technology adoption at Toyota plants, which are governments foreign investments control power. The business in China, Chinese government controls type of technological standards on firms operating in the country. The impact of globalization on Toyota. Operating in global market is a challenge for Toyota. Even though the globalization created unlimited opportunities for Toyota, but the adverse affect should not be ignored. The impact of exchange rates on Toyota. The currency exchange rates are very powerful can affect trade investment, finance, tourism, oversea economic transactions, import and export prices of goods and services. Toyota attaches great importance to the fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates and this is particularly evident in fluctuation between the value of the Japanese yen, the U.S. dollar, Chinese Yuan, and the euro. The negative impact resulting from fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates may affect Toyotas global performance. The following table illustrates Japanese yen per $1.00 during the periods display Fiscal Year Ended or Ending March 31. At End of Period Average (of month-end rates) (Â ¥ per $ 1.00) High Low 2005 107.22 107.28 114.30 102.26 2006 117.48 113.67 120.93 104.41 2007 117.56 116.55 121.81 110.07 2008 99.85 113.61 124.09 96.88 2009 99.15 100.85 110.48 87.80 2010 (through June 19,2009) 96.15 96.82 100.71 94.45 (Source: Toyota annual report 2009) This table shows that, the yen has been strong when translation with US dollars. According to Toyotas annual financial statement, which clearly present a financial situation of Japanese yen are affected by translation risk and foreign currency transaction risk. The fluctuation of foreign currency change rates may affect the price of Toyotas products in worldwide market and use foreign currencies to purchases materials. Since 2009, Japan central bank to show sign of Japanese yen will further appreciates against U.S. dollars. It can cause adverse effect to Toyotas reported operating results and financial condition. Because Japanese yen is rapidly, consistently appreciates against other foreign currencies that will force Toyota to markup the price of all the export products. But the rapid increase value of Japanese yen can have favorable effect on material purchased, but it only inside of Japan. For Toyota oversea operations still suffered with high raw materials, and gasoline, due to the profit margins was fallen, when translated from dollars back to yen. The impact of consumer preferences on Toyota (Source: Annual Repot, 2006) This table illustrate that, Toyota has build different product line across the China to fulfill local market demand. The consumer preferences are one of the most important factors shaping international production for Toyota. The trend of distinct national preferences is spread every corner of the world. The homogeneity of preferences lead to Toyotas product reduces the benefits of manufactory in China, because of complicated relationship between car design and differences in consumer preferences as a typical example, the Ford promote new car Mondeo to the worldwide but the sales was not good as they expected, because Ford neglected focus localizing production. In particular, after the second oil crisis, Toyota was enhance the production aims to provide an effective and creative production design to gain more market share in China (i.e., Toyotas Corolla produce by global platform and modified for different region to match consumers needs). But Toyota has ignored the preferences are not yet homogeneous across all of China, even in the target region, there are have several differences local tastes of demand. In contrast, the Hondas Accord is also use the global platform but modified the cars exterior body to different specific market area, thus, Honda has completely different automobile production line for each target market, i.e., the difference platforms between Japan, Thailand and China. Due to this reason Toyota fall into extremely passive position compare to other competitors. The Impact of United States Financial Crisis on Toyota . The United States financial crisis of 2007 has considered being the worst economic crisis since the 1930s great depression. The main factor trigger of the financial crisis was the United States real estate bubble was busted, caused property price tied by the value of securities, then the price of house was decline straightly, not only America this financial tsunami has wave to the entire world. Which contributed consumer lost approximate hundreds of billions of U.S. Dollar, several key businesses have failed, and the stock markets have fallen significantly. Obviously, the financial crisis has been hit down United States economy heavily; even the bailout of banks by national government has measured. But the financial markets havent showed the sign of recovery. As biggest auto-maker in north America Toyota was faced an unprecedented situation by the financial recession. The adverse results are largely, the vehicle sale hardest hit in northern America and Europe market with drop in sales of 673 thousand vehicles() especially, the sales of Toyotas luxury division Lexus was drop significantly. Moreover, increase price of crude oil and iron and steel raw material impact Toyotas operation, this fiscal year was drop 68 percent of benefits compare with previous fiscal year and according to Toyota annual report, the net profit loss of 4.2 billion U.S dollars (Toyota Annual Report, 2009). Last the financial market recession resulted negative impacts to Toyotas accumulation of capital. Due to the financial downturn, the organizations or financial institutions may unable to provide capital to the market. The impact from competitive environment to Toyota. Figure:share of U.S. Auto market. (Source) According to this pie chart, GM, which is 18.2%, is the biggest automaker in U.S. among all the motor corporations, then is Toyota with 15.8%, followed by Ford, making up 14.3%: and the next coming is Chrysler at 12.1%. From the pie chart is obviously shows that the big three automaker are still the largest domestic producers which making up 44.6% market share. The United States market always has been a prime concern for Toyota.. Due to its trade liberalization, highly developed, market demand(U.S. Auto market is about ten times bigger than the Canadian market). Especially, the demanding of Toyota luxury division Lexus was increased in recent years. However the U.S. automotive market is highly competitive at least fifteen auto company was market their product in U.S. market. Toyota as a foreign brand faces intense competition from other competitors. The highly competitive business environment lead to cause lower vehicle units sales and inventory backlog. This caused Toyota downward price pressure. The factors influence competition including: quality of product, post-purchase services, and reliability. However, Toyota faced unexpectedly quality problem with sudden unintended acceleration, which caused Toyota economic damages nearly $7 billion, the 94,000 vehicles has been recalled. Sustainability development of Toyota Establishment of Global Special Committee for Global Quality control Implemented approaches to address a deterioration in information gathering and information sharing practices between headquarters and the regional offices. These problem are seen to be the harmful side effects of the rapid globalization. The function of this committee are restructure the quality management system Strategies of interest rate swaps and localized in respond to fluctuation of Money exchange rate. In order to reduce the adverse affect of fluctuation foreign currency exchange rates, Toyota use some certain derivative financial tool such as interest rate swaps and increase the target market production of localized. Likewise, increase the investment in target market to increase production capacity and build local raw material supply chain, that can as possible as minizing losses on currency translation. Nonetheless, the adverse affect still existed, Toyota have to maintain a high level of vigilance the dynamics of international exchange market. Product diversification in respond to highly competitive auto market. In the highly competitive global business environment, Conclusion In todays global business environment multinational enterprise become more important, because countries adoption of opening oriented to promote the economic growth by attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The multinational enterprise plays the role of investor between countries. Whereas, the business environment will become more competitive follow with the increased FDI. As the world forth largest multinational enterprise, Toyota faced several affect from globalization, which can be classified as political, government regulations, economic environment, social lifestyle, and technological factors. Due to those of factor Toyota will continue to seek the way of sustainable development that use some strategy or approach to solve problems, such as, open a new market with innovative product. But there are not ensure Toyota will have a bright future. Car sales around the world in 2009: mostly down . The Truth About Cars. Retrieved 2010-09-09. Automobile Industry Introduction. Plunkett Research. 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-09. World Factbook; Japan-Economy. CIA. 2010.09.05 Retrieved 2010.09.05 Byars, L., 1991. Strategic Management, Formulation and implementation-Concepts and Cases. New York: HarperCollins Johnson, G., Scholes, K., 1993. Exploring Corporate Strategy-Text and Cases. Hemel Hempstead: Prentice-Hall Toyota, 2006. Geared toward Continuing Growth, Annual report 2005-2006. Japan: Tyouta Toyota., 2009. The Right Way Forward, Annual Report 2009. Japan: Toyota Toyota, 2010. Sustainability Report 2009-2010. Japan: Toyota EcPulse., 2010. Toyota to Invest $700 Million for RD in China. General Forex News.[online] 22 November. Available at: [Accessed 11 November 2010] BEST CARS., 2010. Internal Toyota Documents Show Political Influence Lobbying.[online](updated 22 February 2010) Available at: [Accessed 12 November 2010] Ganz, A., 2010. TOYOTA BUILDING 7TH CHINA PLANT. [onlibne] LEFT LANE NEWS.[online] 21 June. Available at: [Accessed 12 November 2010] Kulkarni, A., 2009. Positive Effects of Globalization. [online] Buzzle. Available at: [Accessed 16 November 2010] The Development Principles Group., 2009. Economic Environment in China.[online](updated 2009) Available at: [Accessed 16 November 2010] Elizabeth, C. 2003. Chinas Environmental Challenge: Political Social and Economic Implications.[online] New York:Council on Foreign Relations(published 2003) Available at: [Accessed 17 November 2010] Judy, Z., 2010. Chinas Auto Companies: Will the Legend of 2009 Continue?[online](updated 05 May 2010) Available at: [Accessed 17 November 2010] China Through A lens., 2009. What are the preferential policies offered to enterprises with foreign investment?[online] Available at: [Accessed 18 November] http://www.philforhumanity.com/Globalization_of_the_U.S.A..html http://ideas.repec.org/p/kie/kieliw/1093.html http://www.allbusiness.com/management/benchmarking-key-business-process-benchmarking/219142-1.html www.wikinvest.com/industry/Auto_Makers http://www.robroad.com/light-industry/index.php/financial-crisis-industry-japan/ http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Toyota_Motor_(TM)/Toyotas%20Operations%20Subject%20Currency%20Interest%20Rate%20Fluctuations http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world-news/japan-auto-sales-fallsept-india-strong_488274.html http://factsanddetails.com/japan.php?itemid=930catid=24subcatid=157 http://news.frbiz.com/financial_crisis_in_the_automobile-173677.html http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/business/news/article_1448578.php/Toyota_cutting_costs_to_withstand_financial_crisis_sales_drop http://www.themotorreport.com.au/11817/financial-crisis-prompts-toyota-to-cut-earnings-forecast

There is nothing like “Diminishing returns” in the real world

The Law of Diminishing Returns states that increasing one variable input, while keeping the rest of the variables constant, will eventually yield a result opposite the intended purpose of the variable change. The change will rise at first, reach peak and will eventually skew downwards sooner or later (Tutor2u Website). In economics, when marginal physical product (MPP) starts to decline, diminishing returns to labor occurs. This means that total output will increase at a decreasing rate when more workers are employed. Eventually a decline in marginal product leads to a fall in average product. What accounts for this decline in MPP?The answer lies in the ratio of labor to other factors of production. For instance, a third worker begins to crowd the facilities available. We still have only the one sewing machine. Two people cannot sew at the same time. As a result, some time is wasted, as the operators wait for their turns at the machine. Even if they split up the various jobs, there w ill still be some downtime, since measuring and cutting are not as time-consuming as sewing. In this sense, we cannot make full use of a third worker. The relative scarcity of other inputs (capital and land) constrains the marginal physical product of labor (Schiller 2005, 90-91).Eventually, if we add more workers, this will cause so much congestion that marginal product would become negative and total product would decline. At the extreme, the addition of more and more labor would exhaust all the standing room available and total product would fall to zero. Another example of this is when applying higher amounts of fertilizer in a tract of land, a farmer expects higher yields during harvest time. But, there is just one point that even though you will apply more fertilizer in your soil, the total number of yield will just be the same, if not decreasing slowly.In the real world, the concept of diminishing returns is practically applicable in all aspects of life, not only in economics , where resources are available. For example, if you like pizza, I’ll give you two slices of pizza. That would taste great at first. However, when I require you to eat three whole boxes of pizza, there is this nth number of slice where you would give up eating pizza because you already have enough. If you do not stop eating, chances are: you are going to throw up.Diminishing returns, is supposedly the economic equivalent of negative feedback, which argue that market demand decreases at a point where the need becomes saturated. The initial sales of a new car model stir up considerable market interest; subsequent sales generate increasingly less interest. At some point, the market for that car stabilizes. A glass of lemonade after a round of tennis on a hot day would be quite important to you, and you would probably be glad to pay a child at a lemonade stand, say, a dollar for it. However, the next glass is of less value to you and the third glass, even lesser.The Law of Dimini shing Returns favor no time, person, or place as they allow no particular advantage except the advantage that assure the â€Å"free market† principle. Diminishing returns impede unnatural growth and prevent any given system from monopolizing environmental resources. Thus, there is plenty of opportunity to go around. This means there are chance for everybody: with hard work and intelligence, any child who is born a citizen of the United States can become president; any mom and dad could do business to own huge corporation, and any town can become a Silicon Valley.

The Top Secret Truth on Freshman High School Essay Samples Uncovered

The Top Secret Truth on Freshman High School Essay Samples Uncovered Essay writing can be rather a challenge. In conclusion, it appears that assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. Looking at IELTS essay topics with answers is an excellent method to assist you to get ready for the test. Essay writing skills is a hard and time-consuming endeavor. Vital Pieces of Freshman High School Essay Samples Essay writing is often practiced is schools. Writing a scholarship essay may not be an easy undertaking for many students. There are lots of persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. That means you can order for our high school scholarship essay examples without needing to fret about your private details. Some courses of studies ask you to write about a topic that is contained in the curriculum. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. In turn, they are now being asked to be more creative in their work as well. It's very useful to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. Thus, you don't need to fret about your private information whenever you order with us. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the proper style. Most samples are at no cost. There are a few topics which are absolutely unseen and students find difficulty in locating the perfect direction and method of information collection. When you check at two sentences, the outcome isn't acceptable for the cause. Finding reliable statement help Before you are able to take advantage of statement samples, however, finding a dependable source ought to be your very priority. Though the resp onse may start to deal with the assigned task, it delivers no development. Life, Death, and Freshman High School Essay Samples An essay outline is a set of ideas and ideas pertinent to the subject issue. As a writer, you have the choice of narrowing the range of your paper. Anything you must finish your paper quickly and qualitative. A custom written paper is one which is written exactly to your requirements. At times, the best method to learn and understand new information is by way of seeing and understanding work which is already completed. If you encounter the incorrect website, you may in reality be jeopardizing your private essay without you knowing it. Persuasive essay topics don't always need to be of a significant nature, you can write about things which are related in your life. You might even wish to consider employing a controversial topic like religion as it can be looked at from several diverse perspectives. Free essay writing is not difficult to understan d but it is going to destroy your academic reputation because of low category impact. Nobody ever lets you know how hard it's out in the true world. When doing this, you'll obtain an unbelievable knowledge in writing. What is Actually Going on with Freshman High School Essay Samples High school is reportedly the time in your life whenever you have the absolute most fun. As a consequence, you get a wonderful deal of free time and completed homework. Actually, you truly feel almost the exact same as you did last calendar year. Your junior year is known to be absolutely the most challenging of all of them, but provided that you set in the time and effort, everything will prove to be just fine. Essay writing examples in doc format like the ones given may help lead you in writing an excellent composition. Therefore, should you feel skeptical in regards to any sort of writing, don't be scared. After you have gathered ideas on the subject, you should properly place your thoughts into words. When you're choosing an essay topic, it is necessary to select one that has lots of information and statistics to back up your viewpoint, and don't exaggerate any info that you've chosen to write about. If you've got an interest in the topic then you are going to be more motivated to compose your essay. Research on the topic matter if you discover that it's necessary. Make sure that you do not venture away from your primary topic, because it will take away from the total interest of your essay. You're able to discover narrative essay examples wherever you locate a superior story. The way the topic affected you'll play a huge part in the way you will write your essay. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is quite effective. No matter what kind of essay you're expected to write, whether admissions, analytical, argumentative and various other essays, selecting a topic is the most important. You'll observe a similar structure in a lot of the essays. It's possible to find assistance and deliver top-notch essays. That means you can be certain of excellent scholarship essay examples.

Investigating Rocks And Sand Addressing Multiple...

Page Break Journal Article Review #2 In Investigating Rocks and Sand: Addressing Multiple Learning Styles through an Inquiry-Based Approach, Oga and Schmidt, 2009, describe the way kindergarten teachers implemented inquiry based learning into their classrooms by integrating their students interest of rocks and sand into the curriculum. By nature humans are curious creatures, and this is seen from the time to when we are infants to the time when we are adults. Inquiry is an intrinsic learning strategy that we use to gather information from the day that we are born. (Ogu, U. Schmidt, S. 2009). For this reason, †¦ it makes sense for teachers to use an inquiry-based approach in their curriculum. (Ogu, U. Schmidt, S. 2009, p.2). To begin the inquiry based learning process these teachers asked their students during their morning circle what they knew about rocks and sand. These questions were open-ended and invited constructive input while also validating prior knowledge. (Ogu, U. Schmidt, S., 2009). Then to build on their students prior knowledge they observed the rocks and sand that the students have collected. The children, †¦ observed, documented, and discussed their findings in detail (Ogu, U. Schmidt, S., 2009, p.3). In order to reach individual children the teachers,†¦ encouraged children to look closely, notice detail, pose questions, and reflect on what they learned (Ogu, U. Schmidt, S., 2009, p.5). I think that this is a great way toShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages250 Examples of Employee Involvement Programs 251 †¢ Linking Employee Involvement Programs and Motivation Theories 252 Using Rewards to Motivate Employees 252 What to Pay: Establishing a Pay Structure 252 †¢ How to Pay: Rewarding Individual Employees Through Variable-Pay Programs 253 †¢ Flexible xii CONTENTS Benefits: Developing a Benefits Package 257 †¢ Intrinsic Rewards: Employee Recognition Programs 259 Summary and Implications for Managers 261 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’sRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesand Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wideRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesChange 174 174 Text iii Cases 221 221 225 The Consolidated Life Case: Caught Between Corporate Cultures Who’s in Charge? (The)(Jim)(Davis)(Case) Morin−Jarrell †¢ Driving Shareholder Value I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager Harvard Business Review Finance Articles Eclipse of the Public Corporation 308 308 323 323 330 330 Article How I Learned to Live with Wall Street Article SecondRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesNorfolk Southern Railway: The Business Intelligence Journey CASE STUDY II-4 Mining Data to Increase State Tax Revenues in California CASE STUDY II-5 The Cliptomaniaâ„ ¢ Web Store: An E-Tailing Start-up Survival Story CASE STUDY II-6 Rock Island Chocolate Company, Inc.: Building a Social Networking Strategy CASE STUDY III-1 Managing a Systems Development Project at Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc. CASE STUDY III-2 A Make-or-Buy Decision at Baxter Manufacturing Company Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesOperations, Strategy: Competing in the 21st Century, First Edition Benton, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Second Edition Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper, Supply Chain Logistics Management, Third Edition Brown and Hyer, Managing Projects: A Team-Based Approach, First Edition Burt, Petcavage, and Pinkerton, Supply Management, Eighth Edition Cachon and Terwiesch, Matching Supply with Demand: An Introduction to Operations Management, Second Edition Finch, Interactive Models for Operations and Supply ChainRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesa ‘lean’ corporate centre. Numico – difficulties with diversification for a Dutch nutritional products company. AIB – competing in the global banking industry: the challenges for a mid-size bank. SABMiller – an African brewer takes on the world: learning to thrive in di fficult circumstances. MacPac – from a New Zealand start-up to internationalisation in the outdoor equipment industry. Key: ââ€" Ã¢â€"  = major focus ââ€"  = important subsidiary focus ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 601 Read MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesorganizations than smaller ones. E) It is seldom used by nonprofit organizations. Answer: B Page Ref: 4 Objective: 1 Difficulty: Easy 2) ________ is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. A) Marketing management B) Knowledge management C) Operations management D) Strategic management E) Distribution management Answer: A Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty:Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesmeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John WileyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdegradation of the global environment and massive spurts in excessive mortality brought on by warfare, famine, periodic genocidal onslaughts, and worldwide epidemics. In no previous epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and international violence within human populations and the ravages visited upon animals and the natural world by humans vastlyRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesinformation storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson